Kidney Stone
Kidney stones (renal lithiasis, nephrolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Kidney stones have many causes and can affect any part of your urinary tract from kidneys to bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together.
Symptoms
- Severe pain in the loin radiating to groin
Causes
The leading cause of kidney stones is a lack of water in the body. Stones are commonly found in individuals who drink less than the recommended eight to ten glasses of water a day.
- Stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.
Treatment
Hydration:
Drinking as much as (2 to 2.8 liters) a day will help flush out your urinary system. Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, drink enough fluid — mostly water — to produce clear or nearly clear urine (Pale Yellow).
Medical therapy:
Doctor may give you a medication to help pass your kidney stone. This type of medication, known as an alpha-blockers, relaxes the muscles in your ureter, helping you pass the kidney stone more quickly and without pain.
U.R.S
To remove a stone from ureter doctor may pass a thin lighted tube (ureteroscope) equipped with a camera through urethra and bladder to ureter.
P.C.N.L.
A procedure called percutaneous nephrolithotomy involves removing a kidney stone using small telescopes and instruments inserted through a small incision in your back